Central Asia Post 1991 The Oil Roads Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6250 words

Central Asia Post 1991 The Oil Roads - Essay Example In the discussion, we shall also enquire into the salient aspects of the 'state and society' and of 'religion and culture' in these countries and the 'new great game' with 'oil and oil roads' that is being played by those countries that hat have slipped into the new shoes of the old "imperial powers". First, then, what was the "silk road" The Silk Road had passed through the 'heart' of Asia, in the central region of the continent.1 It was the ancient route that took the trade across Asia to Europe and back and along with it, also the cultures of the East. The road was unsurpassed in the commercial and cultural contacts between the east and the west linked by 'the camel caravans and donkey trucks which trudged their way through the dust and heat of the central Asian region'. This region is an inhospitable area with very little vegetation, and almost no rainfall; and constantly visited by sandstorms which have claimed many lives. The climate is harsh; the daytime temperature in summer goes up to even 500 Celsius in the sub-sea level basin of Turfan; and in winter it comes down to below minus 20 degrees. Temperatures soar in the sun, but drop very rapidly at sundown. On the eastern and western sides of the region, the civilizations of China and the West developed. The Persian Empire was in control of the vast large area , extending from the Mediterranean Sea in the west as far as the borders of India in the east. Trade between these two neighbors strongly influenced the cultures of these regions. The Chinese exploration of the west began in 138 BC, when Zhang Qian was sent by the Han emperor on a mission to form an alliance with the Yuezhi tribe in the west. He could return only 13 years later, but brought with him important information about a new breed of horses and hitherto unknown tribes in the west. More expeditions were sent west to get horses and objects of beauty for the emperor. By this process, the route to the west was opened up. The Silk Road was not one single route, but many routes, roads, and paths that traverse in an east west direction. Some routes were well developed and relatively free from bandits, while others were less protected and suffered from plunder by bandits. As a measure of protection the Han rulers constructed forts and defensive walls along part of the route which we re later combined to form the 'Great Wall' which still stands today as a testimony to human achievement and suffering at the hands of strong-minded emperors. Silk was only one of many items that were traded through this Road. Gold, precious metals, ivory, precious stones, and glass went towards China, while firs, ceramics, gun powder, jade, bronze objects, lacquer, and iron went west carried by caravans each of which consisted of 100 to 1000 camels, and each loaded with about 500 pounds of goods. The most significant 'commodity' carried along this route was not silk, but religion. Buddhism came to China from India this way as early as the first century AD, and dotted the face of Silk Road towns with monasteries and pagodas. Later, Islam made it into the heart of China and established itself as the dominant religion in Central Asia; however, its ultimate effects contributed to the Silk Road's eventual decline.

For-Profit Healthcare Organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

For-Profit Healthcare Organization - Essay Example It is good congress is now acknowledging this relation, the disclosure law thus, is an important step that congress is taking so that we track how much these physician are receiving from the companies, which supports for-profit medicine. Studies indicate that pharmaceutical spent up to 25.3 billions in form of selling prescription drugs in the year 2003, out of this a lot of many went to physicians as free samples, air fares, and meals (Frenk 1993). We fear that physicians may be guided by these gifts and monies they receive to prescribe certain drugs to their customers or patients. Probably consumers will like to be aware of what their physicians receive, if they get little money, none at all, or lots of money. The law should offer a system where by a patient can go to access information from a central online database, that will display all the monies his/her physician has received from different companies. If the consumers know, they will feel a cleansing outcome. Disclosure laws will enable patients to track their physicians' monetary ties with drug companies. Customers or patients say that, they should be strong, and identical national legislations that call for very state to enact this disclosure law. As it is now today no law gives the public easy accessibility to information about the payments that physician receives from these companies. In researcher carried out Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) it found out that public disclosure laws in Minnesota did not give the public enough access to payments paid to the doctors (Frenk1993). This is applying in all other states. We as the customer watch dog body take a stand that disclosure bill should be passed by congress in order to create transparency that is required in medical profession. Customers have a right to know how much their physicians are receiving from the profit making organizations and make their own judgments. President of Human Corporation-for profit hospital As a president of a profit making hospital, I feel that the proposed bill of physician disclosure, requiring the physician to disclose the source and amount they have received is unprofessional and ill timed. As a profit making organization, our main aim is making profit, but, at the same time we value human health and provide good and effective medicine that goes along way in providing treatment and cure to many people. It is important for the public to realize that whatever the doctors receive from these companies is something small in form of appreciation everybody needs to be appreciated and motivated. Many citizens expect the congress to come up with laws to curb medical malpractices, yet, not all laws can solve our medical issues. The stakeholders should not wait for congress to enact laws to reduce the rising medicine for profit. Coming up with this law will only provide regulations for physicians but, do not provide offer lasting solutions. The bill of disclosure is ill timed and does not enhance the market laws of free competition in our economy, as we acknowledge, that for some instances physician may receive a lot of money from for profit medicines, it is important to note that this do not influence their professional work ethics. Laws should be passed to protect all citizens but, not to target a certain group of people. The federal government should look for other ways to in trying to control this rising aspect of